Devices that can provide internet. What is an internet connection

And today we will look at the devices with which we can access the Internet.

Ways to connect to the Internet

First, let's look at the most common ways to connect to the Internet:

1. local computer network or ethernet(sometimes called fixed Internet access);

2. Through a telephone line(ADSL and Dial-Up);

3. Mobile access(GPRS, EDGE, 3G);

4. Through cable TV(DOCSIS).

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we looked at the main devices for connecting to the Internet. I did not touch on satellite Internet and other, more exotic options, so as not to overload you with specific information (the lesson was not small anyway).

If there are any unclear points or additional questions, write in the comments, we will try to figure it out.

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Copying prohibited

Topic 2.3. Global network Internet

Topic 2.4. Browsers - Web browsers

Topic 2.5. Email. Mail applications

Topic 2.6. FrontPage 2003 program

Topic 2.7. Creating a Web Page

Topic 2.8. Website creation

Topic 2.9. Business on the Internet

Topic 2.10. Internet resources

Global Network Technologies

2.3. Global networks Internet

2.3.2. Ways to access or connect to the Internet

Currently, there are many ways to connect to the Internet from connecting a computer via an analog modem to connecting using high-speed technologies.

The method of connecting a computer to the Internet depends on the level of services used by the user, which he wants to receive from the provider (service provider), on the speed and quality of data transfer. The services provided by the Internet include: E-mail, WWW, FTP, Usenet, IP-telephony, streaming video, etc.

Ways to connect to the Internet can be classified into the following types:

• dial-up access;
• access via leased lines;
• broadband network access (DSL - Digital Subscriber Line);
• Internet access via local network;
• satellite Internet access;
• Internet access using cable TV channels;
• wireless technologies.

Dial-up access typically uses an analog modem and an analog telephone line, but dial-up access over the ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Telephone Network) is also used. An ISDN adapter is used to connect a PC to a digital network with integrated ISDN services. In addition, dial-up access to the Internet can be carried out using wireless technologies: mobile GPRS - Internet and mobile CDMA - Internet.

Access via dedicated communication channels implies a permanent communication channel from the premises with a computer to the switch owned by the ISP (provider). This access method ensures that the computer is connected all 24 hours a day. There are several connection options: via leased lines with speeds of 2400 bps - 1.544 Mbps. and via permanent virtual frame switching channels with speeds of 56 Kbps - 45 Mbps. For large organizations, this method of connecting a local network to the Internet is the most efficient.

A promising method of connecting to the Internet, both for individuals and companies, is a DSL broadband network. Digital Subscriber Line - a family of digital subscriber lines designed to organize access over an analog telephone network using a DSL / cable modem. This method provides data transfer up to 50 Mbps.

Access to the Internet over a local area network with Fast Ethernet architecture provides the user with access to the resources of the global Internet network and the resources of the local network. The connection is made using a network card (10/100 Mbit/s) with a data transfer rate of up to 1 Gbit/s on trunk sections and 100 Mbit/s for the end user.

Satellite Internet access (DirecPC, Europe Online) is popular for users in remote areas. The maximum data reception rate is up to 52.5 Mbps (real average speed is up to 3 Mbps).

Cable TV users can use cable TV network channels to connect to the Internet, while the data reception rate is from 2 to 56 Mb / s. A cable modem is used to connect to a cable television network.

Recently, wireless methods of connecting to the Internet have become more and more popular.

Last mile wireless technologies include:

• WiFi;
• WiMax;
• Radio Ethernet;
• MMDS;
• LMDS;
• mobile GPRS - Internet;
• mobile CDMA - Internet.

For more information on how to connect to the Internet, see the page

The most common ways to connect to the Internet today are:

• Modem connection (Dial-up access) - Dial-Up, ADSL
• Leased line connection (fiber, etc.)
• GPRS - access (via cell phone)
• radio access
• Satellite Internet

All of them differ from each other in the principle of operation, data transfer speed, reliability, complexity of setting up equipment and, of course, price. The main characteristic of any Internet connection - data transfer rate - is measured in the amount of information transmitted to the user per unit of time (per second) and is usually measured in kilobytes / sec (KB / s) or kilobits / sec (kbps). For high-speed channels, the speed measurement is already in megabits or megabytes per second.
In principle, pastime on the Internet can be divided into two groups - requiring a large amount of traffic and not requiring it. For web surfing (browsing), the speed of a regular modem connection is sufficient. However, this speed will not allow you to comfortably download large files - movies, high-quality music, and so on. Therefore, to fully use the possibilities of the Internet, high-speed access is required.

Modem connection (dial-up)

The oldest and most widely used connection method, but is now gradually being replaced by others. Modem (dial-up) connection is now relatively popular only in cities where there is not a wide choice of providers.
With this method of connection, the user each time to access the Internet will have to use a modem to dial through the telephone line to the provider's modem pool. This is where the first disadvantage of dial-up comes from - the busyness of the telephone line while on the Internet. Next, the provider processes the user account name (login) and password and checks them. Then the subscriber is assigned a free IP, thanks to which he gets access to the Network.
The advantages of such an Internet connection are: ease of setup and installation of equipment (only an analog modem is required), low cost of equipment, and a variety of tariff plans offered by providers.
There are many more disadvantages of a modem connection. As noted above- the subscriber's telephone line is busy, the data transfer rate is low (usually 3-4 KB / s), and the connection and data transfer quality is poor due to the wear and tear of telephone lines.
With the speed provided by a modem connection, it is almost impossible to download large files from the Internet - videos, distributions of large programs, and so on.

Required equipment

• Analog modem - from 300 (internal) to 1000 (good external) rubles.
• Connection - most providers are free.

ADSL

More promising than dial-up at present is the ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) technology. This is a technology that allows you to provide high-speed broadband Internet access over ordinary analog telephone lines. At the same time, the speed reaches 8 Mbps. In addition, this technology does not load the subscriber's telephone line, due to the separation of signal ranges in the telephone line. The subscriber also does not need to call the provider. Cons - a rather high cost of traffic - 2-2.5 rubles / MB.

Required equipment

• ADSL - modem (splitter is usually included) - from 600 to 2000 rubles.
• The right to connect for the population - up to 1000 rubles. (depending on the region).

GPRS connection

Due to the rapid development of cellular communications in Russia, almost every person has a cell phone. Why not use it to access the Internet? Almost all providers today offer the service of using a cell phone instead of a traditional modem. At the same time, free channels of the mobile operator are used to access the network.
For the user, such an Internet connection is good because, with the support of GPRS phone of the additional equipment, only a device for connecting a mobile phone to a computer (USB cable, infrared port or Bluetooth) is required. The advantage is also the mobility of this type of connection.
The data transfer rate depends on the mobile operator and the equipment used, but in general it is also low - only two times higher than the modem one.
The defining disadvantage in the first place is the high cost of traffic received by the user (5-7 rubles / MB).

Required equipment

• USB - cable, infrared port, Bluetooth - about 400-500 rubles.

Leased line connection

The provider conducts a leased line (twisted pair or optical fiber) to the subscriber's computer and issues a range of IP addresses for the subscriber to access the Internet.
At the same time, the user receives a free telephone line, constant connection to the Internet, high quality connection and data transfer, high speed (up to 100 Mbps).
However, the cost of installing and configuring such a connection directly depends on the distance of the computer to the connection point. a, and, in any case, is quite large compared to other connection methods. And when moving the computer to another place, you will again have to lay a cable to it.

Required equipment

• In this case, the user only needs a network card from the equipment, and at present it is available on almost any of the motherboards.

radio access

Wireless way to connect to the Internet. The provider and the subscriber have all the necessary equipment installed (a special radio modem, antenna), with the help of which information is exchanged between the user and the Internet.
The disadvantages of radio access are the need to purchase expensive equipment and a high subscription fee to the provider. The quality of the connection and data transfer depends on the weather and the visibility of the base transmitting station.
Its advantages include high connection speed (up to 2 Mbps) and subscriber mobility (that is, the ability to connect a subscriber device to another computer).

Required equipment

• Antenna - about 2000 rubles.
• Indoor module (radio modem) - the price range is quite large

Separately, it is worth noting the connection via Wi-Fi, for which only a Wi-Fi module is needed (cost - up to 2000 rubles), but ... in the regions there is practically no Wi-Fi coverage area.

satellite connection

Satellite connection is one-way (asynchronous) and two-way. The second due to the high cost of equipment (the bill goes to tens of thousands) will not be considered by MirSovetov.
Most often, satellite Internet is called an asynchronous (or combined) access method - data is received by the user through a satellite dish, and requests (traffic) from the user are transmitted by any other connection - GPRS or terrestrial channels (ADSL, dial-up). The main requirement for the request channel is the reliability of the connection. In most cases, the best choice for him is an ADSL connection with free outgoing traffic.
Benefits of satellite Internet connection y - first of all, this is a very low cost of traffic - from 10 to 100 kopecks per 1 megabyte. The cost of a set of equipment and connection is currently affordable for almost everyone (especially compared to other access methods) and is approximately 200-300 US dollars.
Data transfer speeds vary greatly depending on provider and data plan. selected by the user. Satellite Internet providers offer a very wide range of tariff plans, including unlimited ones. A very nice bonus is also the possibility of free reception of satellite TV.
The disadvantage of satellite Internet connection is the need the presence of a channel for outgoing traffic - a telephone line or a telephone with GPRS support. However, now it is not such a big problem.

Required equipment

• Antenna 90 cm with a bracket - about 2000 rubles.
• DVB card (satellite modem) SkyStar2 - 1800 rubles.
• Converter - 700 rubles.
• Cable - 100 rubles. (10 m)
• Installation, configuration - 1700 rubles.

It is worth noting that in large cities of Russia, due to the growing competition of providers and the development of local networks, Internet access is becoming cheaper. Often you can install unlimited access to the Network with a decent speed and a subscription fee of 500-1000 rubles / month. In the provinces and small towns, this is much more difficult and prices are an order of magnitude higher. The best choice in this situation would be to use satellite Internet.
Finally, some math. Let's calculate the approximate cost of downloading a certain amount of information from the Internet. When using modem (dial-up) Internet access with time-based payment per hour, theoretically, you can get (download) 6 * 3600 = 21600 kilobytes, or 21 MB. In practice, this figure is in the region of 15-17 MB. Now let's calculate:
Modem (dial-up) access - 20 MB - 20 rubles (fee per hour).
ADSL access - 20 MB - 40 rubles (Volgatelecom) (tens of times faster than modem access).
Satellite Internet - 20 MB - from 2 to 20 rubles, depending on the download speed and time of day.
That's basically it, the choice is yours, enjoy your Internet experience.

Connecting to the Internet consists of connecting (your) personal computer to the server of an Internet Service Provider (aka Internet Service Provider).

Dialogue with the provider

Regardless of the method of connecting to the network, the “cooperation” scheme of a computer, a user, and an Internet service provider’s server looks about the same. After establishing a stable connection between the server of the Internet provider and (your) computer, data exchange begins. Using special software (most often a Web browser), you send requests from your computer to the server of the Internet service provider for information.

A request is an attempt to do something, such as open a Web page. The ISP's server processes your request and forwards it to the appropriate Internet server, i.e. the one that contains the required information.

A server located on the World Wide Web receives a request from the server of your service provider on the Internet, and if it can provide the requested information, transfers it to the server of your Internet provider. The ISP's server in turn forwards the results to your computer. After completing this chain of actions, you either get the Web page you need on your computer, or you see a notification that it is impossible to find the required Internet server or information about it - it all depends on whether your request can be satisfied at the moment.